Vaccines are the most powerful protection you can give your child. India’s immunisation schedule, guided by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) and the Universal Immunisation Programme, covers all major childhood diseases. Here is a parent-friendly walkthrough from birth to two years.
At Birth
Before leaving the hospital, your baby should receive BCG (protects against severe TB), the birth dose of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV-0), and the first Hepatitis B shot. The small BCG scar that forms on the left arm over weeks is normal and expected.
6, 10 and 14 Weeks
The workhorse visits. Each includes the pentavalent or DTP-based combination (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Hepatitis B, Hib), polio drops or injectable polio, rotavirus drops against severe diarrhoea, and PCV against pneumonia. Mild fever and fussiness for a day after these shots is common — a doctor-approved dose of paracetamol helps.
6 to 12 Months
Influenza vaccine can begin at 6 months (two doses the first year). At 9 months come the first Measles-Rubella (MR) dose, typhoid conjugate vaccine, and in many states the Japanese Encephalitis vaccine. A PCV booster typically lands around 12 to 15 months.
12 to 24 Months
The second year brings Hepatitis A (two doses six months apart), the MMR second dose at 15 months, varicella (chickenpox), and the DTP and polio boosters between 16 and 24 months. After this, the next big round waits until age 4 to 6.
Practical Tips for Vaccination Day
Carry the immunisation card to every visit and keep a photo of it on your phone. Feed and settle the baby before the shot; comfort-feed right after — it is proven pain relief. A cold compress soothes the injection site. Call the doctor if fever crosses 102°F, lasts beyond 48 hours, or if there is persistent inconsolable crying.
Government or Private?
Government centres provide all UIP vaccines free, and quality is identical. Private clinics offer some additional vaccines (like flu and chickenpox) and flexible timing. Many families mix both — perfectly fine, as long as the card stays updated.
On-time vaccination is a gift your child enjoys for life. Set phone reminders, and never hesitate to ask your paediatrician questions.
